Emergency Fund
An emergency fund acts as 'insurance for your insurance' — covering 3 to 12 months of expenses so unexpected costs (job loss, medical, family emergencies) don't force you to sell investments at the wrong time.
Rule of thumb
- Stable employment (civil servant, large company): 3–6 months
- Typical salaried worker: 6 months
- Self-employed / freelance: 12 months
- Dependents (spouse, kids, parents): +2 months
- No health insurance: +1 month
Keep it in highly liquid accounts (checking, short-term fixed deposit, money market fund). Don't chase returns on emergency money.
Frequently asked
- Why shouldn't emergency funds be invested for returns?
- Because their job is to protect you when you should not be selling assets. Market crashes correlate with rising unemployment — both happen together. If your emergency fund sits in equities, a job loss during a downturn forces you to liquidate at the bottom. The opportunity cost (1-3% annual yield missed) is the price of insurance.
- How do I choose between 3 and 12 months?
- Three questions: (1) How long would it take to land a comparable role? Salaried 1-3 months, senior 3-6 months, niche industries can be longer. (2) How many people depend on your income? More dependents → larger fund. (3) Do you have health and disability insurance? Strong coverage → smaller fund. The tool computes a recommended figure from these answers.
- Where should the emergency fund sit?
- Three options: (1) high-yield checking / digital bank savings (~1.0-1.5% in 2026) — most convenient; (2) short or breakable fixed deposit — slightly better yield; (3) money market fund — moderate liquidity, near-deposit returns. A mix is fine: 1 month in checking, the rest in deposits or MMF.
- Can I use credit card limits as my emergency fund?
- Strongly discouraged. Credit card revolving rates run 12-15% and minimum payments compound the debt. Bridging 1-2 months on credit is feasible; surviving 6 months of unemployment on credit traps you in heavy debt. The fund must be actual liquid cash.
- I already have an emergency fund — when do I add to it?
- It's a relative target — it scales with monthly expenses. After marriage, a home purchase, or having a kid, monthly spending rises, so the fund must rise proportionally. Audit yearly: target months × current monthly expense vs current fund balance.
- Does this tool store my income data?
- No. All math runs locally in your browser. Nothing is sent or persisted.